中国特大城市空间规划中生态系统服务概念的应用状况、原因及对策研究*——基于北京和上海城市总体规划的文本分析
The Uptake, Causes and Countermeasures of the Ecosystem Service Concept in Spatial Plans of Metropolitan Cities in China: Cases Study of Beijing and Shanghai Based on Document Analysis
孙 伟
复旦大学环境科学与工程系 博士研究生
王祥荣（通信作者）
复旦大学环境科学与工程系 教授，博士生导师
谢玉静
复旦大学环境科学与工程系 副教授，博士
李 昆
湖北大学资源环境学院 博士后
摘要: 生态系统服务是识别自然生态要素价值的重要概念，对其在空间规划中应用状况评估的研究比较少见。应用文本分析法探讨生态系统服务概念在北京和上海新一轮城市总体规划中的应用广度和深度。结果表明：生态系统服务概念在广度上得到了显性应用，在深度上处于中等应用水平；北京在应用广度和深度上略超上海；两个总规中规划的强形式感绿色生态空间格局与生态系统服务并不完全耦合。揭示学科差异、规划背景和传统、行政规范或技术标准、地方生态环境问题、服务的尺度效应是影响生态系统服务概念在规划实践中应用的主要影响因素，并整合生态系统服务供需，提出一个生态系统服务概念及相关方法应用于空间规划实践的技术框架。
Abstract: Ecosystem service is an important concept for identifying and realizing the value of natural ecological elements, but its application in spatial plan in China is relatively rare nowadays. This paper explores the breadth and depth of application of the concept of ecosystem services in the latest urban master plan of Beijing and Shanghai based on document analysis. The results show that: (1) the concept of ecosystem service has been applied explicitly in breadth and at a moderate level in depth; (2) Beijing Municipality surpasses Shanghai Municipality in breadth and depth of application; (3) the strong formal green ecological spatial pattern planned in the two plans is not fully coupled with ecosystem services. We reveal that disciplines differences, planning context and traditions, administrative norms or technical standards, characteristics of local ecological environment problems, and scale effects of ecosystem services are the factors that influence the application of ecosystem service concept in planning practice. In the end, this paper proposes a framework for applying ecosystem services and related approaches in spatial plan based on integrating the supply and demand of ecosystem service.
关键词：生态系统服务；总体规划；文本分析法；北京市；上海市
Keyword: ecosystem service; master plan; document analysis; Beijing; Shanghai
中图分类号：TU981
文献标识码: A
资金资助
国家社科基金重大项目 “我国特大型城市生态化转型发展战略研究” 14ZDB140
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